Exceptions to rules & mimickers

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 Editor: Ashfaq A. Marghoob

 Author(s): Ayelet Rishpon     ·  Ashfaq A. Marghoob

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Description	The two-step dermoscopyThe examination of [skin lesions] with a 'dermatoscope'. This traditionally consists of a magnifier (typically x10), a non-polarised light source, a transparent plate and a liquid medium between the instrument and the skin, and allows inspection of skin lesions unobstructed by skin surface reflections. Modern dermatoscopes dispense with the use of liquid medium and instead use polarised light to cancel out skin surface reflections. algorithmIn mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (Listeni/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ AL-gə-ri-dhəm) is a self-contained sequence of actions to be performed. Algorithms can perform calculation, data processing and automated reasoning tasks. aims to differentiate between melanocyticThis glossary term has not yet been described. and non-melanocytic lesions and to determine if a melanocytic lesion is benign or malignantThis glossary term has not yet been described.. While algorithms serve as guidelines that apply to the majority of cases, one should remember that every rule has exceptionsThis glossary term has not yet been described.. The recognition of the exceptions is essential for the maintenance of high diagnostic precision.
Author(s)	Ayelet Rishpon · Ashfaq A. Marghoob
Responsible author	Ash Marghoob → send e-mail
Status	unknown
Status update	March 5, 2018
Status by	Ralph P. Braun

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Feature	Differential Diagnosisis the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions	MimickersThis glossary term has not yet been described.
Negative NetworkThis glossary term has not yet been described.	MelanomaThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Ridges of Seborrheic keratosesThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Spitz/Reeds	Globular StructuresThis glossary term has not yet been described. of dermatofibromas
	Severe Dysplastic neviThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	CMN
Streakslines radial (always at periphery) streaks Reed nevus melanoma recurrent nevus	Melanoma	Leaf-like areasBrown to gray/blue discrete linear or bulbous structures coalescing at a common off center base creating structures that resemble a leaf-like pattern. of BCCAbbreviation for Basal Cell Carcinoma
	Spitz/Reeds nevusThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Ridges (fat-fingers) of seborrheic keratosesThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Pigmented periphery of Bowen's diseaseThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Pigmented periphery of cutaneous mets
Network	NeviThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Fingerprintinglines brown curved parallel thin of solar lentiginesThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Melanoma	Cerebriform pattern of seborrheic keratoses
	Solar lentigoThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Ink spot lentigoThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	DermatofibromaDermatofibromas are hard solitary slow-growing papules (rounded bumps) that may appear in a variety of colours, usually brownish to tan; they are often elevated or pedunculated. A dermatofibroma is associated with the dimple sign; by applying lateral pressure, there is a central depression of the dermatofibroma.
	Accessory nipple
	MastocytosisThis glossary term has not yet been described.
GlobulesThis glossary term has not yet been described.	NevusThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Lacuna
	Melanoma	Ovoid nestsThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Clonal Seborrheic keratosisThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Blue-gray ovoid nestsclods blue large clustered
	Cutaneous metastasis	Pigmented cysts
		Comedo-like openings[[Comedo like openings]]
PepperingGray dots/granularityThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Melanoma	Blue-gray dots of BCC
	Lichen planusThis glossary term has not yet been described.-like keratosis	Linear brown dots of pigmented Bowenalso known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ[1] is a neoplastic skin disease. It can be considered as an early stage or intraepidermal form of squamous cell carcinoma. It was named after John T. Bowen’s diseaseThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Pigmented actinic keratosisActinic keratosis (also called solar keratosis and senile keratosis; abbreviated as AK) is a pre-cancerous patch of thick, scaly, or crusty skin.
	Nevi (focal and limited)
VesselsThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Various melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions	Small ulcerations as in superficialThis glossary term has not yet been described. BCC
	Linear brown/red dots of pigmented Bowen’s disease
	Red globules of BCC
	Background vesselsThis glossary term has not yet been described. in normal skin and sun-damaged skinThis glossary term has not yet been described.
BlotchDark structureless areas	Melanoma	Subcorneal hemorrhage
	Clark's neviThis glossary term has not yet been described.	Thrombosed angiomaAngiomas are benign tumors derived from cells of the vascular or lymphatic vessel walls (endothelium) or derived from cells of the tissues surrounding these vessels.[1][2] Angiomas are a frequent occurrence as patients age, but they might be an indicator of systemic problems such as liver disease. They are not commonly associated with malignancy.This glossary term has not yet been described.
	Blue nevusis a type of melanocytic nevus that clinically and dermoscopically will appear blue	Black lamella
	Reed's nevi	Exogeneous pigmentation
		Heavily pigmented seborrheic keratoses
		Heavily pigmented BCC
		Venous angiomas
Shiny-white streakslines radial (always at periphery) streaks Reed nevus melanoma recurrent nevus	Melanoma	Negative networkSerpiginous interconnecting broadened hypopigmented lines that surround elongated and curvilinear globules.
	Spitz nevusThis glossary term has not yet been described.	White lines of scalpThis glossary term has not yet been described. nevi
	BCC	Wickham striae
	Dermatofibroma	Rail lines (pyogenic granulomaThis glossary term has not yet been described.)
	Scar
CirclesThis glossary term has not yet been described.-white	Actinic keratoses	Milia-like cystsThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	SCCSquamous cell carcinoma	Lobules of sebaceous hyperplasiaThis glossary term has not yet been described.
		White clods of BCC
		Lacunes of lymphangiomas
		White globules of balloon cell nevi
		Folliculitis
		Molluscum
Circles-brown	Dermatofibroma	Curved lines of solar lentigines and seborrheic keraotoses
	Bowen's disease	Comedo-like openings
	Facial melanomaThis glossary term has not yet been described.
	Facial nevi
	Facial solar lentigines
Angulated linesSyn: polygons, zig-zag pattern Gray-brown lines that are connected at an angle or coalescing to form polygons	Melanoma of sun-damaged skin	Spoke-wheel areas
	Pigmented actinic keratosis	Fingerprinting
	Lichen planus-like keratosis	Prominent networkThis glossary term has not yet been described. of congenital neviis a type of melanocytic nevus (or mole) found in infants at birth. This type of birthmark occurs in an estimated 1% of infants worldwide; it is located in the area of the head and neck 15% of the time. and Clark's nevi
		Prominent lines of ink spot lentigo
		Lattice like pattern of acral nevi