Blood vessels (scalp)

From dermoscopedia

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Description This chapter describes the different types of blood vessels that can be found on the scalp using trichoscopy (dermoscopy of the scalp)
Author(s) Anna Waskiel Burnat · Lidia Rudnicka · Adriana Rakowska
Responsible author Anna Waskiel Burnat → send e-mail
Status unknown
Status update March 29, 2019
Status by Ralph P. Braun


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Comma vessels Dotted vessels Hairpin vessels Elongated hairpin vessels Straight linear vessels Thin arborizing vessels Thick arborizing vessels Capillary blood extravasations Concentric perifollicular vessels Milky red globules Linear helical vessels Lace-like vessels Glomerular vessels Serpentine vessels Thick root-like vessels Vessel nets
C-shaped or slightly curved vessels Tiny, red dots densely aligned next to each other Small, linear looped vessels Elongated, linear looped vessels Straight linear vessels Thinner than the average terminal hair arborizing vessels Thicker than the average terminal hair arborizing vessels Round or oval, sharply demarcated, intensely red areas Vessels (loops or linear) arranged concentrically around a follicular unit Globules or larger areas of a fuzzy or unfocused milky red color Linear vessels twisted along a central axis Combination of serpentine and looped vessels Coiled or twisted vessels Bending, scarcely branching vessels Thick, irregularly banded, linear vessels Interfollicular network of blood vessels
Inflammatory scalp diseases (seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis), healthy persons Healthy persons in the frontal area, eczema Healthy persons in the frontal area Cicatricial alopecia (lichen planopilaris, folliculitis decalvans), T-cell lymphoma Pemphigus vulgaris Healthy persons (the occipital and temporal area), seborrheic dermatitis Discoid lupus erythematosus, basal cell carcinoma Active psoriasis Cicatricial alopecia (lichen planopilaris, folliculitis decalvans) T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis Psoriasis, pemphigus, T-cell lymphoma Psoriasis Psoriasis Discoid lupus erythematosus Discoid lupus erythematosus, congenital capillary malformations Healthy persons, after topical corticosteroids



1. Rudnicka, L., et al., Trichoscopy update 2011. J Dermatol Case Rep, 2011. 5(4): p. 82-8.
2. Rudnicka, L., et al., Hair shafts in trichoscopy: clues for diagnosis of hair and scalp diseases. Dermatol Clin, 2013. 31(4): p. 695-708, x.
3. Inui, S., et al., Clinical significance of dermoscopy in alopecia areata: analysis of 300 cases. Int J Dermatol, 2008. 47(7): p. 688-93.
4. Kowalska-Oledzka, E., et al., 'Black dots' seen under trichoscopy are not specific for alopecia areata. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2012. 37(6): p. 615-9.
5. Rakowska, A., et al., Trichoscopy of cicatricial alopecia. J Drugs Dermatol, 2012. 11(6): p. 753-8.
6. Rakowska, A., et al., New trichoscopy findings in trichotillomania: flame hairs, V-sign, hook hairs, hair powder, tulip hairs. Acta Derm Venereol, 2014. 94(3): p. 303-6.
7. Shim, W.H., et al., Dermoscopic approach to a small round to oval hairless patch on the scalp. Ann Dermatol, 2014. 26(2): p. 214-20.
8. Park, J., et al., Trichoscopic Findings of Hair Loss in Koreans. Ann Dermatol, 2015. 27(5): p. 539-50.
9. Karadag Kose, O. and A.T. Gulec, Clinical evaluation of alopecias using a handheld dermatoscope. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2012. 67(2): p. 206-14.
10. Ross, E.K., C. Vincenzi, and A. Tosti, Videodermoscopy in the evaluation of hair and scalp disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2006. 55(5): p. 799-806.
11. Chiramel, M.J., et al., Relevance of trichoscopy in the differential diagnosis of alopecia: A cross-sectional study from North India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2016. 82(6): p. 651-658.
12. Kibar, M., et al., Trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata and their relation to disease activity, severity and clinical subtype in Turkish patients. Australas J Dermatol, 2015. 56(1): p. e1-6.
13. Rudnicka, L., M. Olszewska, and A. Rakowska, Atlas of trichoscopy: dermoscopy in hair and scalp disease. 2012, London: Springer.
14. Rakowska, A., et al., Dermoscopy in female androgenic alopecia: method standardization and diagnostic criteria. Int J Trichology, 2009. 1(2): p. 123-30.
15. Inui, S., Trichoscopy for common hair loss diseases: algorithmic method for diagnosis. J Dermatol, 2011. 38(1): p. 71-5.
16. Tosti, A., et al., Follicular red dots: a novel dermoscopic pattern observed in scalp discoid lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol, 2009. 145(12): p. 1406-9.
17. Waskiel, A., et al., Trichoscopy of alopecia areata: An update. J Dermatol, 2018.
18. Rakowska, A., Trichoscopy (hair and scalp videodermoscopy) in the healthy female. Method standardization and norms for measurable parameters. J Dermatol Case Rep, 2009. 3(1): p. 14-9.

are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

The examination of [skin lesions] with a 'dermatoscope'. This traditionally consists of a magnifier (typically x10), a non-polarised light source, a transparent plate and a liquid medium between the instrument and the skin, and allows inspection of skin lesions unobstructed by skin surface reflections. Modern dermatoscopes dispense with the use of liquid medium and instead use polarised light to cancel out skin surface reflections.

linear curved short vessels dermal nevi

tiny pinpoint vessels

This glossary term has not yet been described.

Linear mildly curved vessels considered irregular when different sizes shapes and curves with a haphazard or random distribution are presented and considered regular when short and fine (thin) linear vessels prevail various diagnoses

analytic term is branched vessels; Bright red sharply in focus large or thick diameter vessels dividing into smaller vessels; BCC

This glossary term has not yet been described.

corkscrew twisted looped vessels with bends twisted along a central axis melanoma metastasis

linear irregular vessels with multiple bends. Seen with flat BCC and melanoma

comma vessels - linear curved short vessels - dermal nevi monomorphous vessels: one type of vessel dominates

This glossary term has not yet been described.

metaphoric term: hairpin vessels
two parallel linear vessels forming a half looped or hairpin like structure
seen in seborrheic keratosis viral warts

This glossary term has not yet been described.

Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, yellow, purple, or blue.

Linear mildly curved vessels considered irregular when different sizes shapes and curves with a haphazard or random distribution are presented and considered regular when short and fine (thin) linear vessels prevail various diagnoses

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

is a chronic skin condition of sores with inflammation and scarring favouring the face, ears, and scalp and at times on other body areas. These lesions develop as a red, inflamed patch with a scaling and crusty appearance. The centre areas may appear lighter in colour with a rim darker than the normal skin.

is the most common skin cancer, and one of the most common cancers in the United States.[1] While BCC has a very low metastatic risk, this tumor can cause significant disfigurement by invading surrounding tissues

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

Evidence, in an investigation

is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions

This glossary term has not yet been described.

Dots are small, round structures of less than 0.1 mm in diameter that have a red color when corresponding to blood vessels; however, when due to melanin, their color ranges from black, brown, to blue-gray depending on the depth and concentration of the melanin in the skin (Tyndall effect).

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

This traditionally consists of a magnifier (typically x10), a non-polarised light source, a transparent plate and a liquid medium between the instrument and the skin, and allows inspection of skin lesions unobstructed by skin surface reflections. Modern dermatoscopes dispense with the use of liquid medium and instead use polarised light to cancel out skin surface reflections.

This glossary term has not yet been described.

The examination of [skin lesions] with a 'dermatoscope'. This traditionally consists of a magnifier (typically x10), a non-polarised light source, a transparent plate and a liquid medium between the instrument and the skin, and allows inspection of skin lesions unobstructed by skin surface reflections. Modern dermatoscopes dispense with the use of liquid medium and instead use polarised light to cancel out skin surface reflections.

measure of how well one variable or set of variables predicts an outcome

is a chronic skin condition of sores with inflammation and scarring favouring the face, ears, and scalp and at times on other body areas. These lesions develop as a red, inflamed patch with a scaling and crusty appearance. The centre areas may appear lighter in colour with a rim darker than the normal skin.

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